- How did the depression challenge the traditional belief that President Hoover and other Americans had in “rugged individualism?”
- Describe the goals of the New Deal. Does the New Deal work? Does it relate at all to the Square Deal?
- Why does the Supreme Court attack the New Deal as unconstitutional? Do you agree?
- What ends the Great Depression? Specifically, when?
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The New Deal did not end the Great Depression, it was the "policies" of the Great Depression that helped end the Depression by 1939. The goal of the New Deal was to bring America's economic back. Some policies were the EBA "Emergency Bank Act," dealing with the banking system of America. Weak banks were reconstructed to restore the bank's trusts, as well as reopening of the strong banks. The WPA Works Progress Administration helped provide jobs for many people with various jobs. This helped earn money for Americas economy, as well as putting people to work.
Describe the goals of the New Deal. Does the New Deal work? Does it relate at all to the Square Deal?
The New Deal aimed at the 3 R's, recovery, reform, and relief. Relief for people out pf work, recovery for business and the economy, and reform of American economic institutions. The New Deal embraced issues such as unemployment insurance, old-age insurance, minimum-wage regulations, conservation and development of natural resources, and restrictions on child labor. The New Deal did work to a certain extent, the effects of the New Deal was not long term, they were short term ones. The New Deal did create millions of jobs for people and there were recovery programs such as the Emergency Banking Relief Act, the Farm Credit Administration, and others. It also created relief programs such as the Federal Emergency Relief Administration and the Public Works Administration. There were also reforms such as the Social Security Act and National Housing Act. However, the New Deal did not completely recover the economy or pull the U.S. out of the Great Depression. The New Deal consisted of 3 R's and the Square Deal consists of 3 C's, conservation of natural resources, control of corporations, and consumer protection. They both also sought to protect or help businesses and labor.
1. How did Depression challenge the traditional belief that President Hoover and other Americans had in "rugged individualism"?
The Depression challenged the traditional belief that President Hoover and other Americans had in rugged individualism because rugged individualism was the idea that everyone should be able to help themselves and the government is not involved in people's economic lives or the national economics this idea is associated closely to social Darwinism. His (Hoover's)idea of rugged individualism reflected his ideas on how the federal government should not interfere with the American people during the great depression. Hoover believed that the stock market will recover on its own and that the government should only play a limited role in American economy. This challenged the traditional beliefs on rugged American individualism because Americans believed that when the stock market crashed that the government would step it and help but they did nothing.
As Pauline said, the goals of the New Deal were the 3 R's.... recovery, reform and relief. The new deal had it's pros and cons. For one, it did give Americans the relief - such as the many welfare programs that were provided and shelters. The FDIC which would ensure a person's money if the bank failed. The impact of this new deal was very short. The deal got the wheels of the economy running, but not for a long time. It was not until WWII that an improvement in the economy could be seen, with the help of factories manufacturing weapons for the war. It does relate to the square deal because these both tried to help out smaller businesses rather than the big.
The Supreme Court found six of Roosevelt's eight major New Deal statutes unconstitutional. For instance, N.I.R.A(National Industrial Recovery Act) which was known as “collective bargaining" which loosened laws for business in return for the rights of workers. This was declared unconstitutional. In the court case Schechter v. United States it overruled the power of the president in interstate commerce. The bill did not pass though the Supreme Court agreed to pass all his further legislation.
4.) What ended the Great Depression? Specifically, when?
2 main things ended the great depression:
-WWII: marked the end of the great depression because during the war more than 12 million Americans were sent into the military.
-The New Deal: certain programs regulated wages and prices, which helped families buy whatever they needed. People were also employed working as conservation workers, artists, and laborers. The social security system assisted the elders who couldn't work and lost their savings.
The great depression ended in 1939 when European countries began trading supplies with us because of WWII
The supreme court attacks the New Deal as unconstitutional because they believed Roosevelt was overextending his powers as president. When Roosevelt proposed that he appoint a new supreme court justice, they saw it as a sign of disloyalty. This put Roosevelt in a position making him look like a dictator. I agree that it was unconstitutional because appointing supreme court members is not listed in the duties of the president, so when he tried to pass a legislation giving him that power, Roosevelt was in the wrong.
The Supreme Court said the New Deal was unconstitutional because Roosevelt's policies in the new deal went past the powers that are given to the government by the Constitution.Taxes were raised to very high levels. Roosevelt attempted at controlling agricultural production, one ruling stated, was beyond the power given to him. This ruling shot down the AAA, or the agricultural adjustment act. I agree, because as the Supreme Court said, this issue of regulating farming should be at some state level, and not federal.
What ends the Great Depression? Specifically, when?
The New Deal and even the World War II did not contribute directly to the end of the Great Depression. The New Deal dealt with the Banking Systems and Gold, and also many other problems such as child labor, insurance, etc. It provided temporary relief. However, in the long-run, it caused many harms as the government cannot permanently provide for the people. If the "When" in the question refers to the Hundred Days, I do not agree with that either. The Hundred Days provided the time period to provided immediate relief to the Great Depression. However, it did not actually end it.
World War II appears to have caused the end of the Great Depression. Yes, it did created many jobs and solved the unemployment issue. However, all of these payments and funds provided by the government for the people, eventually added on to America's debt.
The information above was based on a combination of the Bailey Textbook and Online sources. However, I am still uncertain what ultimately ended the Great Depression, sorry.
1) How did the depression challenge the traditional belief that President Hoover and other Americans had in "rugged individualism"?
"Rugged Individualism" is the practice "that though the people support the Government the Government should not support the people"(Herbert Hoover,p.763).
The depression challenged the traditional belief that President Hoover and other Americans had in "rugged individualism" because the depression was a "nationwide catastrophe" and it is a "concern of the national government". This challenged the traditional belief because it made it seem as though if the people allowed the government to support them, which is not what Hoover wanted, then the people would actually be supporting the government. The depression basically turned the whole idea of "rugged individualism" around so that the government could support the people. (p.764)
4. What ends the Great Depression? Specifically, when?
FDR had a large role in ending the Great Depression.
-His New Deals helped to take away some of the sting of the Great Depression. For example, the Glass-Steagall Act of 1933, which created the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, which federally insured bank deposits to help prevent bank failures. Also,
-When America entered inserted itself in to WWII in 1939 after the bombing of Pearl Harbor, Americans both overseas and at home went to work. Whether they were nurses, soldiers, or workers, millions of Americans were back to work and unemployment fell. This pulled America out of the Great Depression.
"Rugged individualism" is a belief that individuals can succeed with minimal governmental aide. However, numerous of laborers became unemployed during the Great Depression, so it is nearly impossible to find work and there was no government welfare agency. Therefore, the people needed assistant in order to survive. The theory of rugged individualism hurts the poor the most because they could no longer overcome the obstacle of the Great Depression by themselves.
The New Deal was the set of federal programs launched by President Franklin D. Roosevelt after taking office in 1933, in response to the calamity of the Great Depression.
It had four major goals and achievements:
•Economic Recovery: The New Deal stabilized the banks and cleaned up the financial mess left over from the Stock Market crash of 1929. It stabilized prices for industry and agriculture, and it aided bankrupt state and local governments. And it injected a huge amount of federal spending to bolster aggregate incomes and demand.
•Job Creation: One in four Americans was out of work by 1933. The New Deal created a number of special agencies that provided jobs for millions of workers and wages that saved millions more in their desperate families. It also recognized the rights of workers to organize in unions.
•Investment in Public Works: The New Deal built hundreds of thousands of highways, bridges, hospitals, schools, theaters, libraries, city halls, homes, post offices, airports, and parks across America—most of which are still in use today.
•Civic Uplift: The New Deal touched every state, city, and town, improving the lives of ordinary people and reshaping the public sphere. New Dealers and the men and women who worked on New Deal programs believed they were not only serving their families and communities, but building the foundation for a great and caring society.
Although the new deal did all these it didnt end the Great Depression. It is argued that Hoover and FDR prolonged the Great Depression with their takes on "big government"
As for the new deal and the square deal .two main goals of the great society social reforms were the elimination of poverty and racial injustice.new major spending programs that addressed education ,medical care,urban problems,and transportation were launched during this period.the great society in scope and sweep resembled the new deal domestic agendas of franklin d roosevelt but differently sharply in types of programs enacted.
3- Some things were declared unconstitutional because the supreme court felt that Roosevelt had too much power. The Supreme Court declared the Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA) unconstitutional. The point made by the Supreme Court was that any efforts made to help farmers etc. should come at a state level and not federal level and that these parts of the New Deal went against the powers given to the states by the Constitution.
11 out of 16 of the Laws were said to be unconstitutional in cases heard by the Supreme Court. The argument of the Supreme Court was that Roosevelt had tried to impose the power of the federal government on state governments and this was unconstitutional. I do agree with the Supreme Court because an president is overstepping his boundaries as president then te situation needs to be addressed .
1. How did the depression challenge the traditional belief that President Hoover and other Americans had in “rugged individualism?”
Rugged individualism is the importance of self reliance and liberty and Hoover did not believe in the government intervening in people's affairs. The depression challenged these traditional beliefs because when it hit, many people were unemployed and there was no government welfare opportunities to help. With these conditions, people needed help and 'rugged individualism' was the last thing these unemployed/ in poverty people needed.
I believe that the New Deal tremendously helped end the Great Depression. The New Deal placed thousands of people to work, building roads and bridges. The government subsided the costs...more people working increased the GDP. The Supreme Court ruled many efforts unconstitutionally, forcing Roosevelt to try a new approach, however the bottom line was that the New Deal helped many unemployed people survive, and in the early forties, WW 2 started and many people say that this war effort also contributed to our economy rebounding from the Depression. Overall, I believe that the New Deal and WW2 both contributed to the end of the Great Depression.
4. What ended the Great Depression? Specifically, when?
I'm on the same page as Yun, I agree that WW11 and the New Deal played a role in ending the Great Depression by creating jobs and bettering the work place, but didn't exactly END the Great Depression. I define the END of the Great Depression when the economy and GDP are normal and stable. I personally believe that the Banking Act of 1935 helped reach the end of the Great Depression because it helped the GDP rise. I don't any single factor helped end the great depression but the three factors I have listed play a big role in it.
The gray depression challenged Hoovers & other Americans belief of "rugged individualism", because for the first time in all of America's history majority of Americans were heavily depended on federal government assistance & aid for survival. "rugged "individualism" is focused on the peoples ability to provide for themselves without federal interference. During the great depression people.could longer afford rugged individualism, & Hoover could no longer force it upon them without ultimate devastation & oppression.
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