Two or three years ago the Library Company of Philadelphia created the digital exhibit, “Black Founders: The Free Black Community in the Early Republic.” The exhibit examines the activities of newly-freed African Americans in the North as they struggled to forge organizations and institutions to promote their burgeoning communities and to attain equal rights in the face of slavery and racism.
Leaders emerged—many of them former slaves—who worked to organize independent churches, schools, and fraternal and educational associations, and to champion blacks’ inclusion as equal citizens in the American landscape. Deeply spiritual people, they held close the tenets (beliefs) of egalitarian Christianity and the affirmation in the Declaration of Independence of the unalienable right to liberty. They were the most consistent voices for multiracial democracy in the new republic, and their words and deeds helped inspire a vigorous American antislavery movement.
Explore the site to build your base on our discussions in class. After you play on the site, use this space to thoughtfully comment on our core inquiry questions:
- What is the Age of Enlightenment? How does the Natural Rights doctrine (rule) impact the way that “free” Blacks argue for the freedom of the enslaved?
- What do the events of the Fever of 1793 suggest about the status of the Philadelphia’s free Black community?
REMINDER
Free Blacks survive (some thrive) in an atmosphere of limited freedom. FULL FREEDOM would offer an equality of opportunity only enjoyed by Whites.
55 comments:
The Age of Enlightenment was an intellectual movement that occurred around the time of the Revolutionary War. During this time philosophers and thinkers emphasized using reason to make laws and decisions. The idea that the universe was governed by natural laws and rights came about, and the careers of black authors and scientists took shape.
The Natural Rights doctrine impacts the way "free" Blacks argue for the freedom of the enslaved because it helped support their protests. Both Phillis Wheatley and Benjamin Banneker mention the idea of Natural Rights in their letters. In Banneker's, he says how Jefferson supports ending slavery, but still has slaves himself. In Wheatley's letter, she acknowledged the property contradictions in the Natural Rights doctrine. It says that people have the Right to Liberty (right to be free), but also have the Right to Property, which includes people and goes against the first right. These contradictions lead Jefferson to change the Right to Property to the "Pursuit of Happiness" when he wrote the Declaration of Independence.
I think the events of the Fever of 1793 suggest that there were some respected and popular leaders in Philadelphia's free black community. I say this because Richard Allen was a black leader who founded institutions, started businesses, and formed the Free African Society. Not only was he respected by the black community, but he was very close friends with Benjamin Rush, who was white. Even though there were some respected leaders, I think the black community was still looked down upon because people accused black nurses of stealing and some blamed slaves for the fever. Lastly, I think the Fever of 1793 suggests that the black community was really focused on getting freedom and equality for everyone. I say this because even though Blacks, such as Richard Allen and Ablsalom Jones, knew they weren't really immune to yellow fever, they still helped care for the sick. They didn't really believe Dr. Rush when he said they couldn't get it, but they volunteered because they thought it would help their case for equality and recognition.
The Age of Enlightenment was an intellectual movement that began in the late 17th century. Great philosophers emerged from this era along with the idea of natural rights. Free blacks used the Natural Rights doctrine to support their argument for the emancipation of all blacks. According to philosopher John Locke, there are three natural rights: the right to life, liberty, and estate (property). The right to life is as simple as it sounds: everyone is entitled to live a free life. Blacks like Philis Wheatley and Benjamin Rush argued that slavery robbed them of their natural rights.
The events of the Fever of 1793 suggest that whites did not trust the free black community. Richard Allen insisted that the blacks should help nurse the whites during their sickness because it would bring them recognition and, hopefully, equality. But, the whites' distrust in the free black community was unmoved and black nurses were accused of stealing. To go even further, some blamed blacks for the overall existence of the fever.
The Age of Enlightenment was a movement that encouraged or "enlightened" philosophers with ideas and values. The idea of natural rights came along during the Age of Enlightenment. The Natural Rights Doctrine by John Locke was used by blacks to argue in their favor for freedom. The first right was, the right to life is the right to have no one kill or harm you. The second right was, the right to liberty is free will and your own religion. Finally, the third right was, the right to your own property. The conflict with this doctrine was that slaves were known as property to their owners but blacks tried to argue that they were people too.
The events of the Fever of 1793 suggest that Philadelphia's Free Black Community worked hard for freedom but were mistreated. I say this because Richard Allen, a highly respected religious leader in Philadelphia at the time wanted and encouraged his fellow free blacks to help the sick and nurse the white people. The free blacks thought that helping the sick would be good for their argument for freedom and recognition. But no matter what good was done by Richard Allen and the free blacks they were still accused of stealing and other bad things.
The Age of Enlightenment was a time during the Revolutionary War when many new thoughts, ideas, and beliefs were created. During this time, many philosophers, thinkers, and leaders emerged. I agree with Gianna Fanelli when she said that during this time philosophers and thinkers emphasized using reason to make laws and decisions. Also during this age, many African American writers, poets, and leaders emerged.
The Natural Rights Doctrine was one of the many ideas that emerged during the Age of Enlightenment. It had a huge impact on the way that free blacks fought for the freedom of the enslaved. The Natural Rights Doctrine stated that all humans had the right to "Life, Liberty, and Property". It also said that if someone were to violate the rights of another, than the rights of that person can be taken away from them. There is a very obvious conflict between the right to liberty and the right to property. Blacks said that since they had the right to liberty, then they should be freed. Whites argued that since they had the right to property, then they should be allowed to own slaves.
The events of the Fever of 1793 suggests that blacks were treated very unfairly. Black leaders like Richard Allen and Absalom Jones risked their own lives to care for and nurse the victims of the Yellow Fever (who were mostly white) but were still treated with disrespect. Richard Allen and Absalom Jones were well respected and loved by the the black communtity, but they were still treated with disrespect by whites.
The Age of Enlightenment was an intellectual movement that began in the late 17th century. This movement occurred around the same time as the Revolutionary War. The idea during this time was that the universe was governed by natural laws, not people. Great philosophers emerged from this era along with the idea of natural rights. Free blacks used the Natural Rights doctrine to support their argument for the emancipation of all blacks. Blacks argued for freedom of the because it helped support their protests. John Locke says there are three natural rights: the right to life, liberty, and estate (property). The right to life is as simple as it sounds: everyone is entitled to live a free life. Blacks like Philis Wheatley and Benjamin Rush argued that slavery robbed them of their natural rights. As we analyzed in class both these letters, in my opinion are protests. I agree with Gianna Fanelli completely in her comment.
The events of the Fever of 1793 suggest that whites did not trust the free black community. Also, there were some respected black leaders in Philadelphia's free black community. Richard Allen was a black leader who insisted that the blacks should help nurse the whites during their sickness because it would bring them recognition and, hopefully, equality.But, as we all know that didn't happen. But, the whites had their guard up the whole time in and of course black nurses were accused of stealing. Also, white blamed black entirely for the fever existing. Clamming that they brought it over and infected them all.
The Age of Enlightenment was known as the “Age of Reason.” It was an 18thy century intellectual movement at the center of ideology. This time period stressed that according to “natural laws,” humans could discover through reason. During the Enlightenment, humans created governments to protect their individual rights to life, liberty, and private property. It was stated: “If the government failed to perform this basic duty and became oppressive…the people had the right to overthrow it” (p. 116). This Natural Rights doctrine impacted the way that “free” blacks argued for the freedom of the enslaved because it encouraged rebellion towards slavery. The “free” blacks saw this doctrine to help inspire their protests and arguing. Many of the black intellectuals at this time period took advantage of the Natural Rights doctrine. For example, the Black poet Phyllis Wheatley says: “By no Means, for in every human Breast, God has implanted a Principle, which we call Love of Freedom; it is impatient of Oppression, and pants for Deliverance…I will assert that the same principle lives in us.” Wheatley is saying that regardless of skin color or race, every individual is entitled to their own natural rights, including freedom. In the Banneker piece, Benjamin singles George Washington out for advocating slavery yet owning slaves at the same time.
During the Fever of 1793, as stated by Absalom Jones and Richard Allen in the Free African Society “Preamble,” it was suggested that free Africans were believed to be irreligious There was an abundance of poverty at the time. The Free African Society was meant to benefit sick people and “irreligious/uncivilized” free blacks. These people were an embarrassment to their race. People believed in the idea that blacks cannot manage freedom, so that is why they are not entirely free. The blacks were immune to Yellow Fever and were the only ones who were not affected. Despite the accusations and misjudgment, the blacks still volunteered to care for the sick.
The Age of Enlightenment was a scholarly movement during the 18th century that emphasized the skill of human reason to determine the “natural laws” of the world. By natural laws I mean the essential laws that ruled all natural actions. This is counting human social organization and communications as well. The enlightenment formed the careers of the earliest black intellectuals in America. New establishments created more science and literature learning possibilities. Blacks used these possibilities the establishments presented. The Natural Rights doctrine was used by free blacks to hold up their quarrel for the setting free of all blacks. John Locke said people made governments to guard their accepted individual rights to life, liberty, and private property. Phillis Wheatley and Benjamin Banneker were very influenced by enlightenment. They both thought that an individual cannot declare to support the main beliefs of the Enlightenment while rejecting the simple equality of blacks and whites.
The Fever of 1793 had events put forward that say the community of free blacks was not trusted by whites. The black nurses helped the sick people affected by the yellow fever. The blacks thought them helping the whites could possible convince the whites to give them equality. The complete opposite was given. There was no gratefulness shown. The whites made many absurd accusations to the blacks. Even one suggesting blacks were the cause of the terrible yellow fever.
The Age of Enlightenment was an intellectual movement that encouraged humans to discover through reason. The idea of natural laws was put into action during this time period. Natural laws were laws that governed all natural events which included all human social organizations and interactions. The Natural Rights doctrine impacted the way that “free” blacks argued for the freedom of the enslaved because it opened doors for African Americans to rebel against slavery. If people weren't happy with there government, they could overthrow it. African American philosophers and intellectual leaders strongly supported the idea of full freedom and equality of African Americans. For example, Phillis Wheatly and Benjamin Banneker fought for freedom for all blacks in their letters, as they state the ideas from the Natural Rights Doctrine to support their arguments.
The events of the Fever of 1793 suggested that Philadelphia's free Black community consisted of some well respected leaders. For example, Richard Allen was a free African American leader who started the Free African Society, and assisted in the fight for freedom. However, most of the members of the black community were mistreated and not respected because people thought slaves were the cause of the yellow fever. Even though blacks helped to cure the infected whites, they were STILL looked down on and treated badly.
The Age of Enlightenment was a time during the Revolutionary War when many new thoughts, ideas, and beliefs were created. During this time, many philosophers, thinkers, and leaders emerged.The idea during this time was that the universe was governed by natural laws, not people. Great philosophers emerged from this era along with the idea of natural rights Both Phillis Wheatley and Benjamin Banneker mention the idea of Natural Rights in their letters. In Banneker's, he says how Jefferson supports ending slavery, but still has slaves himself.The events of the Fever of 1793 suggested that Philadelphia's free Black community consisted of some well respected leaders, But no matter what good was done by Richard Allen and the free blacks they were still accused of stealing and other bad things. They didn't really believe Dr. Rush when he said they couldn't get it, but they volunteered because they thought it would help their case for equality and recognition.
The Age of Enlightenment was an intellectual movement that occurred around the time of the revolutionary war. during this time philosophers and thinkers emphasized using reason to make laws and decisions. the idea that the universe was governed by natural laws and rights came about and the careers of black authors and scientists took shape. the natural rights doctrine impacts the way free blacks argue for the freedom of the enslaved because it helped support their protest
The Age f Enlightenment was also known as the Age of Reason. It was an intellectual movement during the Revolutionary war, when philosopher came up with new ideas to politics. People like John Locke believed that human society was ran by natural rights.
The Natural rights doctrine had a huge impact on the way that "free" Blacks argued for the freedom of the enslaved. The Natural Rights doctrine helps the "free" Blacks prove their point about freedom of the enslaved. The Natural Rights doctrine stated that all humans had the right of Life, Liberty and Property. Liberty meaning freedom. One who violates the rights of another person gives that person a right to violate their rights as well. Jefferson himself said that supports ending slavery and Banneker points that out.
The events of the Fever suggests a status of the free Black community in Philadelphia. This is because when the fever hit Philadelphia many famous white people including the President fled to places that were not infected. Yet the free Black community did not because Richard Allen told them not to. Not only did they stay in Philadelphia but they helped a lot of people who were infected. They did have a chose to flee and go to a non infected area. They chose not to, which shows how brave they are and how much they cared for the people around them and the place they were living in. It showed how much they really wanted their freedom and equality. in return, they were accused of stealing, and for the existence of the fever.
The Age of Enlightenment was an intellectual movement that took place around the Revolutionary war. During this time the idea of natural rights came about. The Natural Rights doctrine impacted the way that “free” blacks argued for the freedom of the enslaved because it opened doors for African Americans to rebel against slavery. Phillis Wheatley and Benjamin Banneker had some impact on this idea. They both wrote letters dealing with equality of blacks which also had something to do with the natural rights. They fought for freedom of all blacks and used these points to help.
The events that occurred in the Fever of 1793 to me proved that there were well known leaders in Philadelphia's free black community. Richard Allen for example was a free black leader. He had businesses, formed the Free African Society, also founded institutions. Hw was respected by many. However the black community to me seemed like it was still looked down upon. The blacks got blamed for a lot even though they helped so much. The slaves got blamed for the cause of the yellow fever and they also would blame the nurses for stealing.
The Age of Enlightenment was an intellectual movement that occurred around the time of the Revolutionary War. The idea of natural rights came along during the Age of Enlightenment. Also during this age, many African American writers, poets, and leaders emerged. Phillis Wheatley and Benjamin Banneker were very influenced by enlightenment. They both thought that an individual cannot declare to support the main beliefs of the Enlightenment while rejecting the simple equality of blacks and whites. .The events of the Fever of 1793 suggested that Philadelphia's free Black community consisted of some well respected leaders, But no matter what good was done by Richard Allen and the free blacks they were still accused of stealing and other bad things. Blacks had a chose to flee and go to a non infected area. They chose not to, which shows how brave they are and how much they cared for the people around them and the place they were living in.
The Age of enlightenment was an intellectual movement that started in the time of the revolutionary war. many great philosophers wrote letters of protest and rebellion like Weatly and Banneker. Both were African-Americans with passion toward a equal community of people. Banneker used strong protestive language such as twisting the words of thomas jefferson and making him reflect on what he really is saying. "All Men Are Created Equal!" or are they? Many African-Americans were outrage by the lack of faith in their society so Richard Allen and Absalom Jones created the "Free Black Society" which was to improve on the well being in their society and to prove to others that they were worth being free and treated like any other white and holy man. The yellow fever had kicked in and many fled but the African community stayed and helped the sick and Dr. Rush had came and improved on this epidemic.
The Age of Enlightenment aka "Age Of Reason" in the 18th century was very important.It happened during the Revolutionary War. Many philosophers came to be during this time period also many blacks authors and scientists. Phillis Wheatley and Benjamin Banneker talked about the Natural Rights in their letters. Banneker says that Jefferson supports stopping slavery but owns a couple of slaves. Wheatley talked about the property contradictions in the doctrine. How it talks about people having the Right to Liberty, but also having the right to property. That included people and should of gone against the first right. All of this got Thomas Jefferson to change the Right to Property to Pursuit of Happiness in the Declaration of Independence.
Many events happened during the Fever of 1793. The black community was still frowned down upon because Richard Allen wanted to stay and help the white to prove that they deserve equality. But no matter what they were still accused of stealing and other horrible things. White also blamed that the blacks brought the fever and spread it.
The age of enlightenment was a cultural movement of intellectuals beginning in the late 17th- and 18th-century, around the same time of the revolutionary war. Its ideas were of emphasizing reason and individualism rather than tradition. Putting the ideas into the western culture, help in the making of decisions and laws. The natural rights doctrine impacted the way that so called “free” blacks argued for the freedom of the enslaved. It impacted the way they argued for the freedom of the enslaved by arguing the “free” blacks ideas. For example, Benjamin Banneker, a black almanac writer, wrote letters to Thomas Jefferson that said how Jefferson supported the end of slavery but still had slaves of his own. His letters helped in his cause but ended up being a failure because congress denied Jefferson’s appeal to slavery.
The Fever of 1793, also known as Yellow fever, suggested that the status of the Philadelphia free Black community had highly respected leaders among them. Richard Allen was a black leader who was a minister that started businesses and founded institutions. He also founded, along with Ablsalon Jones founded the Free African Society. Richard Allen was looked as a respected leader not just in the eyes of the black community but by his friend, Benjamin Rush, who was a well respected white. Although there were some black leaders considered respectable they were still looked down upon by other whites. They blamed theft of money on black nurses as well as African slaves for starting the epidemic just to make sure that blacks were still considered unimportant to society.
The Age of Enlightenment was also known as the age of reasoning.This shaped a new way of how human beings were perceived. Also in the age of enlightenment came natural laws and natural rights. Natural laws basically things that.
The events of the Fever of 1793 suggest that in the black community there were some leaders.
The Age of Enlightenment was known as the "Age of Reason" in the 18th century and it happen during the Revolutionary War. Phillis Wheatley and Benjamin Banneker discussed the Natural Rights in their letters and the way "free" blacks argued for the rights and to support blacks. John Locke said people guarded their rights or life, liberty, and private property.
During Fever of 179, Richard Allen wanted to help white people and to prove how much equality they have. But no matter what they were still accused as bad people. Blacks got blamed for the horrible infection that spread rapidly. They had a choice but they chose to stay, so they can prove that they're strong and they wanted to help the people that were also there who were also sick.
The Age of Enlightenment was known as the "Age of Reason" in the 18th century and it happen during the Revolutionary War. Phillis Wheatley and Benjamin Banneker discussed the Natural Rights in their letters and the way "free" blacks argued for the rights and to support blacks. John Locke said people guarded their rights or life, liberty, and private property. During Fever of 1793, Richard Allen wanted to help white people and to prove how much equality they have. But no matter what they were still accused as bad people. Blacks got blamed for the horrible infection that spread rapidly. They had a choice but they chose to stay, so they can prove that they're strong and they wanted to help the people that were also there who were also sick. ( i messed up the first time, but i don't know how to delete it...)
The Age of Enlightenment was a movement which occurred during the 17th century. Philosophers developed an idea of natural rights for all people however dismissing the freedom of Blacks. John Locke's thought of natural rights included Life, Liberty, and Property. Thomas Jefferson changed these rights to Life, Liberty and Pursuit of Happiness. African Americans contradicted this because slaves were being purchased which is going against the Liberty aspect of the Natural Rights Doctrine. Blacks would argue their case through firm letters. When speaking of the Natural Rights Doctrine, Phillis Wheatley used religion to show to people that although our skin color may vary we all deserve the same freedom. Benjamin Banneker sent his book to Thomas Jefferson, in order to have his opinion amplified. He claims that "we are all from the same family".
The Fever of 1793 suggested that even though there were Free Black Communities Blacks were still the reason for all problems. Even when Blacks offered themselves to take care of sick Philadelphians they were still being blamed for robberies. Richard Allen wanted recognition and equality after helping the sick but his team got reprimanded and was but as a scapegoat for the issues after the Fever.
The Age of Enlightenment was a movement during the 18th century around the time of the Revolutionary war that encouraged humans to discover and think with reason. The idea of natural rights formed basically expressing that the universe was governed by the "natural laws".The Natural Rights Doctrine stated that all humans had the right to "Life, Liberty, and Property". Free blacks used the Natural Rights doctrine to encourage their reasons for the freeing of all blacks but there was a conflict with the doctrine because slaves were considered property not people. Obviously blacks fought with the arguments that blacks are also people not just property. The Natural rights doctrine also encouraged rebellion against slavery.
The events of the Fever of 1793 are a prime example of the mistreatment of blacks.It showed how whites did not trust free blacks even though some of those free blacks risked their own lives to stay and take care of the sick. Two examples of these free blacks were Richard Allen and Absalom Jones.They believed that blacks were immune to the yellow fever.Whites also blamed blacks for the occurring of the fever.
The Age of Enlightenment was a period of intellectual growth and reason that occurred in the 17th and 18th centuries. Talk of Natural Rights (life, liberty and property) was more frequent and black intellectuals, like writers and scientists, were the fruits of these ideas. Benjamin Banneker, an almanac writer, and Phillis Wheatley, a poet, both supported their assertions of the meaning of freedom with the Natural Rights Doctrine. Wheatley wrote, "I...think highly reasonable what you offer in Vindication of their natural Rights." and "God has implanted a Principle, which we call Love of Freedom..." to Sansom Occum. (p. 121)* Banneker echoed some of Wheatley's points with a direct quote of the Declaration of Independence in his letter to the Secretary of State, Thomas Jefferson. "We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal; that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable rights, and that among these are, life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.''* was one of many points Banneker used to convince Jefferson that he wanted equality to be more widespread than he had realized.
The status of a Black person in 1793 was an improvement from what it was years prior. An example of this was the friendship between Rev. Richard Allen and Dr. Benjamin Rush, the former being black and the latter being white. Another sign of improvement was the emergence of black societies across the country, including Absalom Jones and Richard Allen's Free African Society. The fact that people like Jones and Allen could even erect such a society and still feel repugnance for the "irreligous and uncivilized"* members of Black society suggests that there were social and maybe economical differences between blacks that were not present before the Revolutionary War. However, after Rush made it known that he believed that blacks were immune to Yellow Fever, blacks, although skeptical of Rush's beliefs, went out into the streets and offered aid to doctors caring for the sick only to be accused of stealing from the homes of the people they were caring for. Although Allen accounted for every item that was "stolen", this showed that Blacks were still less than whites and that they had a long way to go before they could have "full freedom".
*Wheatley's Letter to Sansom Occum
*Declaration of Independence via Banneker's Letter to Jefferson
*Free African Society Preamble
The age of enlightenment was an intellectual movement that happened around the same time as the revolutionary war. The main idea of this era was that people were being governed by natural rights and not the people. Great philosophers emerged from this era along with the idea of natural rights. The natural right doctrine was one of the biggest things that came out of the age of enlightenment. This doctrine was a huge help for free blacks. This doctrine had a huge impact on how free blacks fought for the freedom of enslavement. The natural rights doctrine states that all humans had the right for life, liberty and property. Also this doctrine states that if someone tries to take away someone else’s rights then that persons rights could be taken away from them.
The events of the Fever of 1793 proved that blacks were treated very unfairly. Black leaders like Richard Allen even risked their own lives to help nurse and care for the victims of the Yellow Fever. Richard Allen and other black leaders were treated with great respect from the black community but they were disrespected from the whites.
The Age of Enlightenment was a movement beginning in the late 17th century. In this time, philosphophers came up with the idea of natural rights. Free blacks used this idea of Natural Rights and its Doctrine to back themselves up for the freedom of all blacks. There are 3 natural rights: Right to life, liberty, and property.
The Fever of 1973 shows that whites did not trust in the free black community. Free blacks wanted to help the whites while they were sick to nurse them back to health because they thought this would bring equality to all. The whites did not like or trust in this and threw accusations at free black nurses.
At the center of ideology was the European Enlightenment. The Enlightenment was the eighteenth century intellectual movement that stressed the ability of human reason to discover the "natural laws" of the universe. The Enlightenment was also known as the Age of Reason. The natural laws were basic laws that governed all natural events, including human social organization and interactions. The Natural Rights doctrine by John Locke was one of the many ideas that emerged during the Age of Enlightenment. It had a huge impact on the way that free blacks fought for the freedom of the enslaved. It stated that all humans had the right to Life, Liberty, and Private Property.
The events of the Fever of 1793 suggest that whites did not trust the free black community. Richard Allen was a black leader who established institutions and formed the Free African Society. He was very close friends with Benjamin Rush, who was white. Absalom Jones was also a black leader. Both Allen and Jones risked their own lives to care for and nurse the victims of the Yellow Fever. Most of the victims were of Caucasian race. Richard Allen and Absalom Jones were well respected and loved by the black community, but they were still treated with disrespect by whites.
The age of enlightenment was the age of reason which took place in the late 1700s- early 1800s. Philosophers used reason to make laws and rights. The natural rights doctrine helps the free blacks protests to abolish slavery. 2 good examples are the Banneker and Wheatley letters, they both address natural rights and slavery. These letters lead to the change of right of property to the pursuit of happiness. I think the fever of 1793 made it look like the status of free blacks changed, but really they just used them. An example is When Benjamin Rush told Richard Allen that blacks where immune to the fever, so they needed to help. On the other hand the Black societies were created and spread through the country.
The Age of Enlightenment was an intellectual movement that happened around the time of the Revolutionary War. This was a time when philosophers used reasoning to make different types of laws and decisions. Philosopher John Locke once said that there are three natural rights: the right to life, liberty, and estate.
In my opinion I believe that many of the events that took place because of the Fever of 1793 show that there was a structure and there were people that were considered to be role models and people that other people looked up too. Richard Allen was a very respected man in Philadelphia. His plan was that the blacks would help nurse the whites during their sickness, hoping that it would bring them some recognition and then eventually equality. Sadly, it didn't work out. Blacks were accused of stealing. Worst of all whites blamed the blacks for carrying the fever over in the first place and spreading it to all of them.
The Age of Enlightenment was a time during the Revolutionary War when many new thoughts, ideas, and beliefs were created. Like Gianna Fanelli said " The idea that the universe was governed by natural laws and rights came about, and the careers of black authors and scientists took shape.
The Natural Rights doctrine impacts the way "free" Blacks argue for the freedom of the enslaved because it helped support their protests." the Black poet Phyllis Wheatley says: “By no Means, for in every human Breast, God has implanted a Principle, which we call Love of Freedom; it is impatient of Oppression, and pants for Deliverance…I will assert that the same principle lives in us.” Wheatley is saying that no matter skin color or race, every individual are entitled to their own natural rights, including freedom. According to philosopher John Locke, there are three natural rights: the right to life, liberty, and estate (property).
The Fever of 1793 says that the free blacks thought that helping the sick would be good for their case of being free but no matter how hard they tried they were still accused of stealing and other false accusations. Some blamed blacks for the overall existence of the fever and were still looked down upon.
The Age of enlightenment was an intellectual movement that began around the time of the Revolutionary War. The natural rights impacted the way the “free” Blacks argue for the freedom of the enslaved because it assisted them in proving their point. I agree with Cayley when she said, "This Natural Rights doctrine impacted the way that “free” blacks argued for the freedom of the enslaved because it encouraged rebellion towards slavery". The events during the Fever of 1793 suggested that blacks were not trusted by whites. People believed and accused the black nurses of stealing. They also believed that the fever was brought over by the slaves. Richard Allen encouraged black women to help the whites out by nursing them but it resulted in false accusations.
The Age of Enlightenment was the movement in the revolutionary war period in the late 17th century when a thinking shift occurred for many philosophers and scientist. The philosophers made laws and rights for example the natural right doctrine. This doctrine helped free blacks emancipate all blacks to freedom as quoted in the letters of Phyliss Wheatley and Benjamin Banneker. In the yellow fever of 1793 many blacks were nursing whites while they were under sickness. The blacks were accused by whites of stealing and spreading the disease of the yellow fever.
The Age of Enlightenment was an intellectual movement in the late 17th century, around the time of the Revolutionary War. It was during this time that great philosophers came to the forefront and introduced the idea of natural rights. It made an impact on how the “free” blacks argued slavery. The ideas in the Natural Rights doctrine provided the “free” blacks with valid reasons why the enslaved should be emancipated. John Locke, a famous philosopher, stated that, as Gianna said, the three natural rights were to: life, liberty, and property.
Benjamin Banneker and Phillis Wheatley, two free blacks, sent letters discussing how being enslaved defied a person’s natural rights. Banneker wrote to Thomas Jefferson, criticizing his behavior and stating how the whites could fight for freedom from British rule but denied blacks that same right. Phillis Wheatley, on the other hand, took note of how enslavement was contradictory to natural rights. As Gianna said, those contradictions led to Thomas Jefferson changing the right to property, when he wrote the Declaration of Independence, to the right to the “pursuit of happiness”
The Fever of 1793 suggested that within the community some blacks could be respected, though some whites distrusted the blacks. One black leader, Richard Allen, promoted blacks giving whites assistance in hopes of a possible equality between the races or, at least, some recognition. The plan didn’t work to the blacks advantage as hoped, instead, it helped to in some cases worsen their reputation. Still, Allen gained some respect even in the white community, befriending Benjamin Rush.
Together with Absalom Jones, he founded the Free African Society. The fever did have a positive effect though, it inspired the blacks to want freedom even more. It showed that the blacks could be selfless, more likable, when they assisted in the care for the sick. Though many didn’t believe Rush when he declared them immune to the fever, Gianna talked about their willingness to volunteer to help their case for freedom. So, it proves the good and bad outcomes of the Fever of 1793, and that freedom for both races was not necessarily a bad thing to aim for.
The Age of Enlightenment was a movement that encouraged philosophers and intellectuals to share their ideas. It was a period that inspired people to think and solve their own problems using the power of logic and reason instead of hoping and praying to a God-like being. As a result of this age, many black scientists, authors, and intellectuals emerged. It was also during this time that the Natural Rights doctrine was created, which free blacks used to support their argument for the right to life, liberty, and pursuit of happiness that all people, which should include blacks as well, should have.
The events of Philadelphia's epidemic of 1793 suggest that there were some high class free blacks that even esteemed whites such as Benjamin Rush trusted and went to for help. Events like the accusations of thieving blacks made by whites even after they stayed to help cure and treat the dying population also suggested that racism and hatred for the black community is very prevalent and strong in society back then.
The Age of ENLIGHTENMENT was the time during the Revolutionary War. During this time was when thinkers and philosophers came about with ideas of natural rights and laws.
The Natural Rights doctrine impact the way "Free" Blacks argue for freedom of the enslaved because it helped with their rebellion. It gave them a better chance and a reasonable reason to protest. Important people such as Benjamin Banneker and Phyllis Wheatley included this idea of natural rights in their pieces.
The events of the Fever of 1793 suggests that some of the statuses of free Blacks were restricted. They had curfew and were afraid of being captured again. But they were also considered people now, free blacks such as Richard Allen and Benjamin Rush who contributed to the community. Although they were considered higher than free blacks, some black nurses were accused of stealing during the Fever. I think this meant that the whites were not sure to consider free blacks equal yet.
The Age of Enlightenment was an intellectual movement that happened around the 17th century. It was during this time when philosophers/thinkers believed that reason and logic trumped "blind belief". The idea of natural laws and rights emerged, as did the careers of black authors, poets, scientists, etc. The Natural Rights Doctrine impacted the way "free" Blacks argued for freedom of the enslaved by showing the blatant contradictions. For example, Benjamin Banneker wrote a letter to Thomas Jefferson with an accusatory tone. He points out that Jefferson supports the end of slavery, however, he owns slaves himself. Jefferson seems to fight for equal rights, but it seems it seems to only apply to certain people. Jefferson himself seems aware to these contradictions as he changes Locke's philosophies from the Right of Life, Liberty, and Property to the Right of Life, Liberty, and the Pursuit of Happiness (as slaves were considered property.
The events of the Fever of 1793 suggests that the status of Philadelphia's free Black community was one that was respected enough, however there were still some issues. For example, Richard Allen and Absalom Jones went on to find the Free African society, as well as own businesses. They were also close friends with Benjamin Rush, a well-known/respected white doctor. Despite many of the positives, there are still some negatives. When much of the black community stayed behind during the Fever to help the sick/dying, later accounts accused black nurses of stealing and blamed slaves for the fever. This just shows that the "free" black community was not considered equal, and their fight for equality was not over.
The Age of Enlightenment was a time during the Revolutionary War where many new thoughts, ideas, and beliefs were created. The ideas of natural right and laws came to be. The Natural Rights Docturine was created and became a way for free blacks to back up their ideas of life and liberty.
The fever of 1793 was a part I. Time when free blacks didn't know whether they were walking on egg shells of not. There was so much happening that they didn't have any issues if they helped out and contributed to the people who were ill and on there death bed. But there were also points when black nurses were accused of stealing.
Many students information paragraphs had many good and interesting information. The Age of Enlightenment was an intellectual movement that occurred around the time of the Revolutionary war. There were many great philosophers that emerged out from this era with many thoughts of natural rights. According to the philosopher John Locke, the three rights he established were the right of life, liberty, and estate. Each of these are defined very easily. The right of life is basically a free life, there were slaves that announced they were taken their natural rights from them. Liberty is being free within a society and estate is an area or amount of land or property. The events of the Fever in 1793 suggest that their was no whites that trusted black individuals. The man Richard Allen insisted that all blacks had to help nurse the whites during the Fever’s sickness so it would bring them equality. But all whites blamed the blacks for the fever even happening which did not help them gain freedom anymore.
The Age of Enlightenment was an intellectual movement that started in the late 1700s. During this time there were new ideas and philosophers that had made everyone question their own natural rights. Thinkers like John Locke brought up some of these ideas about natural rights and this led the blacks in America to question their rights. This led to the careers of black thinkers, and writers such as Phillyis Wheatley who was the first published African American female. Phyllis Wheatley along with Benjamin Banneker are two of the Black Enlightenment figures who questioned their own rights after the creation of the natural rights doctrine. They challenged the fact that the Declaration of Independence had not acknowledged slaves as people but property, and also questioned the Christian beliefs that figures liked Thomas Jefferson lived by. In my opinion I think the fever of 1793 really allowed the black community to hold a stronger presence in the city. As they were there to help the sick and really were a major part of the relief effort, they showed their place and made a difference.
The Age of Enlightenment was an intellectual movement also known as the "Age of Reason". During this time period the black community began to prosper with white supporters. Protests made from specific brave Blacks including Benjamin Bannecker and Phyllis Wheatley gave the push they needed to have confidence in order to stand up and speak out in desperate times. The Northwest Ordinance also being a factor limited slavery. The Natural rights doctrine stating that everyone, no matter their race, could have a backup to protect themselves of their natural rights.
The Fever of 1793 was a disastrous time for Philadelphia. Although the tragic deaths throughout the city were happening, the free black community came together to better the people. Richard Allen played a key part in caring for the sick. Many people played a part in getting through these tough times. The outcome was a positive one for the Blacks in bring a sight of equality among them.
The Age of Enlightenment was an intellectual movement also known as the "Age of Reason". During this time period the black community began to prosper with white supporters. Protests made from specific brave Blacks including Benjamin Bannecker and Phyllis Wheatley gave the push they needed to have confidence in order to stand up and speak out in desperate times. The Northwest Ordinance also being a factor limited slavery. The Natural rights doctrine stating that everyone, no matter their race, could have a backup to protect themselves of their natural rights.
The Fever of 1793 was a disastrous time for Philadelphia. Although the tragic deaths throughout the city were happening, the free black community came together to better the people. Richard Allen played a key part in caring for the sick. Many people played a part in getting through these tough times. The outcome was a positive one for the Blacks in bring a sight of equality among them.
The age of enlightenment took place during the late 1700's. It was a period of time where people embraced the ideas of using logic to answer questions instead of just turning to religion for the answer. John Locke was a famous white philosopher who came up with the idea of natural rights. His idea led many African Americans to question if their natural rights were being abused. A black contributor to the age of enlightenment was Phyllis Wheatley she was the first African American woman to get a book published and she was very dissatisfied with the Declaration of Independence. Benjamin Banneker was also a black enlightenist that wrote a letter to Thomas Jefferson addressing his disagreements. Benjamin Banneker and Phyllis Wheatley both debated about the fact that the Declaration of Independence did not entitle African Americans to their natural rights. It referred to them as property not human beings. The events in the Fever of 1793 suggest that there where some very high esteemed Africans in the free black community and That the free black community played a big role in the restoration act.The fact that they accused the black of sealing even after their efforts to help shows that the white people where very ignorant and that freedom was still far from reach
The age of enlightenment took place during the late 1700's. It was a period of time where people embraced the ideas of using logic to answer questions instead of just turning to religion for the answer. John Locke was a famous white philosopher who came up with the idea of natural rights. His idea led many African Americans to question if their natural rights were being abused. A black contributor to the age of enlightenment was Phyllis Wheatley she was the first African American woman to get a book published and she was very dissatisfied with the Declaration of Independence. Benjamin Banneker was also a black enlightenist that wrote a letter to Thomas Jefferson addressing his disagreements. Benjamin Banneker and Phyllis Wheatley both debated about the fact that the Declaration of Independence did not entitle African Americans to their natural rights. It referred to them as property not human beings. The events in the Fever of 1793 suggest that there where some very high esteemed Africans in the free black community and That the free black community played a big role in the restoration act.The fact that they accused the black of sealing even after their efforts to help shows that the white people where very ignorant and that freedom was still far from reach. (Sorry I turned this in the first time using Tyler's account by accident)
Enlightenment took place during the late 1700's. It was a time where people used the ideas of logic to answer questions. Enlightenment was almost the fastest news spreading ideal since the spread of Christianity. John Locke was a famous white philosopher who came up with the idea of natural rights. Because of these ideals, many African Americans questioned if their natural rights were being taken for granted. A black, young woman named Phyllis Wheatley who was the first African American woman to get a book published and she was very disappointed with the Declaration of Independence. Benjamin Banneker was also a black abolishionist that wrote a letter to Thomas Jefferson addressing his disagreements about his thoughts toward the enslaved and all African Americans alike. Benjamin Banneker and Phyllis Wheatley both had different thoughts about the fact that the Declaration of Independence did not entitle African Americans to their natural rights. It referred to them as property not human beings. The events in the Fever of 1793 said that there where some Africans in the free black community who helped and That the free black community played a major role in the restoration act.The fact that they accused the black of robbing and partially causing the fever even after their efforts to help what was left of the American colonies, shows that the white people where very intolerable, arrogant, and stubborn and that freedom was still far from reach for the African Americans.
The "Age of Enlightenment" was a moment in time in which intellectuals focused on using logic and experience to back up their claims. John Locke is an example of one of those intellectuals as he produced the idea of "Natural Rights." Natural Rights was the idea that mostly every person was entitled to life, liberty, and property.
"Free" blacks took this statement in their favor. They argued that since "everyone" was entitled to natural rights, it would mean that the enslaved should have those rights too meaning that their masters would be infringing on those rights. Basically, the free blacks saw it as hypocrisy to infringe on another person's rights as the whites themselves call for liberty (this was stated by Wheatley).
The Fever of 1793 showed the clear distrust between the whites and blacks despite their legal statuses. As mentioned by others, even though many free blacks helped care for the sick regardless of race, many whites still held on to their prejudices instead of being thankful.
Just as others have said, the Age of Enlightenment was an intellectual movement during the 17th-18th century that was home to many new ideas and thoughts. Many intellectuals during this time began to perceive the world in a different way. The perception was that the universe had a set of natural laws, which included the idea of natural rights. This eventually lead to the Natural Rights Doctrine, which changed the ways African Americans argued for freedom by giving them a more effective and easily supported rebuttal. The doctrine stated that all human beings were entitled natural rights of life, liberty, and property, all while being ignorant of the glaring contradiction between the ideals and slavery. Free blacks were able to use this contradiction and add onto their argument with the fact that whites were being hypocritical. Even famous Black intellectuals Benjamin Banneker and Phyllis Wheatley wrote protest letters during this time. While Wheatley wrote to a minister, Banneker wrote to the then-Secretary of State, Thomas Jefferson, also known as the author of the Declaration of Independence, pointing out the contradiction to Jefferson and arguing his point in an seemingly accusatory manner. In it, he quotes Jefferson by writing "We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal; that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable rights, and that among these are, life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.", and using it to support his own argument to Jefferson.
The Fever of 1793 was an epidemic of the Yellow Fever in the early years of Philadelphia. The events of this epidemic suggests that Philadelphia's free black community was one of intellectuals and respectable individuals, but were not treated as so. These individuals included Absalom Jones and Richard Allen, who both formed the Free African Society among other things. Despite knowing that they themselves could get sick and die, they stayed in the city and attended to the ill to create a better image of the black community and to support the fight against slavery. Although many people respected the free blacks, such as Dr. Benjamin Rush, there were still some tensions. This is shown when people of the city attempt to accuse black nurses of stealing while they were helping.
The Age of Enlightenment was a time when many ideas and beliefs were created. It happened during the Revolutionary War.Natural Rights doctrine was used by Free Blacks to prove and hold their point about freedom for the enslaved. The Natural Rights Doctrine stated that all human beings no matter what race they come from have the rights to life, liberty and private property. In The Fever of 1793, free blacks were becoming nurse and helping people that are sick. They tried to make a better relationships with white people but they are still accused of stealing. Some people blamed Blacks for the yellow fever.
The Age of Enlightenment is also known as The Age of Reason , during this time philosophers and thinkers came up with new ideas. John Locke wrote the Natural Rights Doctrine and free blacks argue about their freedom of the enslaved, more African Americans started to rebel towards slavery. The Fever of 1793, many as the whites did. They believed that the fever was brought over by the slaves.
The Age of Enlightenment can be summed up as the age of intellectual and logical advancements. This led to many arguments and debates about the rights of African Americans. The Fever of 1793 suggests that the black community was fighting for freedom and equality and they see that aiding the whites in their time of need would be a good way to do so.
The Age of Enlightenment is when science started to overrule the church. Logic was held in high regards and many enlightenment thinkers came out of the picture. However with all of the new thinking, argument arose on whether or not the black population would accumulate rights. People tried to argue that blacks are not people so they could keep their slaves. In the fever of 1793 blacks tried to stay and aid all of the sick people to prove that they are worthy. They continued to fight for their freedom even after they were ridiculed despite their efforts to aid the whites in need. They were accused of stealing and their efforts were disregarded.
The Age of Enlightenment was an intellectual movement that occurred during the 18th. The main idea that was extracted from this movement was the concept of natural rights. John Locke was the person that applied Isaac Newton's idea that the universe was an orderly place that ran by natural laws to politics. This led to the forming of natural rights which are things which all men were entitled to. Despite its contradictory nature Locke saw no issue with this and slavery.
Slaves recognized the obvious paradoxical nature of people crying for natural rights while enslaving others. They used this as ammunition to argue their freedom. Two perfect examples are Benjamin Banneker and Phillis Wheatley who both used the the idea of natural rights to argue the abolition of slavery.
In 1793 we still see blacks trying to prove that they deserve the unequivocal equality that whites enjoy. This leads some of them to offer there services, at the risk of their own health, to aid whites during the fever of 1793. Unfortunately we still see that blacks have a long journey to reach equality. This is because despite offering their services in dire straits afterwards they were still accused of things like stealing by the people they helped.
The Age of Enlightenment was a cultural movement that began in Europe during the 17th to 18th centuries. This movement emphasized reason and individualism as opposed to tradition. In other words, it favored individual actions as opposed to everyone doing traditional actions. The Natural Rights doctrine explained that all blacks should have their own freedom and that freedom should not be kept only to white men and that all men should get their own rights. This showed that enslaved Africans were also allowed to have their own freedom and their own rights.
The Fever of 1793 was an epidemic where thousands of people died of the Yellow Fever. During this epidemic, black citizens provided the manpower to do what other citizens couldn't do. This shows that blacks could be hard working citizens just like white men. I think that an event like this where blacks worked so hard to accomplish all of these different tasks just showed how black citizens were tremendous workers and how they could do just as much and what a white man could do.
The Age of Enlightenment was a cultural movement of intellectuals beginning in the late 17th century. The natural rights doctrine helped free blacks defend their argument about the enslavement of Africans. The natural rights grants every one the right to be free and to live their life how they want to live it. In the Fever of 1973, the free blacks only had limited freedom. They had a lot of trouble getting jobs because the whites don't trust them. Many feel as though the free blacks were the cause of the Fever. This suggests that though the Free Blacks are no longer enslaved, they still in some way have to live under another man's rule.
The Age of Enlightenment was a time during the 17th century, where brand new ideas and theories were created. Societies were formed, philosophers created new things and thoughts that were shared, and most everyone turned to logical answers instead of just religion. It was a big time, for both the African Americans and the whites. The Free African Society, founded by Absalom Jones and Richard Allen, grew and began collecting supporters and rising up. Allen felt like it was time for 'equality for all' and so they started to plan ways to begin that. There were revolts in other places that made Allen feel like the time was right to stand up, and so they did. But they didn't revolt with violence, they revolted with smart letters, like the ones of Benjamin Banneker, and other wordy contradictions that put the whites in their place.
The white people of Philadelphia didn't treat the African Americans with respect or care, but when the Fever of 1793 came around, suddenly they needed the African American's help. Richard Allen talked to a close associate, John Lock, who told him about the fever and how grateful everyone would be if the African Americans would step in to help. And they did, helping whites even till their dying breath, showing once more how much they were a part of the Philadelphia Society.
Sadly, the whites, once recovered from the fever, blamed the African American nurses for thievery or other things of that matter, making things bad again. But the blacks were not discouraged, instead Allen wrote a document of his account of the nurses, and exclaimed that they had done none of those things. But even with that, the African Americans were not thought as equals yet.
The age of Enlightenment is the an intellectual movement when religion didn't dictate what happens ,but logic and reason came into play. This move gave way for many intellectual to come like John Locke who used Newtons ideal to create the natural doctrine. The natural rights doctrine is the natural laws that all human have a part in. This doctrine affect the views of the Free black that protested slavery is that the natural laws that the colonist were fighting for in the revolutionary war is that it the same type of freedom and liberty that all enslaved blacks want.
The Fever of 1973 suggest that the status of the free black community is that they only had limited free and during this event many blacks were the one that helped the sick and dying people.Many blacks did that to gain respect from the white class, so the can get close to equality. This didn't happen because blacks were blamed for that start of the fever causing many lose there reputation, but lead to cultural change in which new opportunities opened for members of the free black community.
The Age of Enlightenment was a movement in culture in Europe that talked about tolerance and behavior and ways to be a better person by using technology and logic. John Locke was a leader and he said the people had the right to a life of freedom, property and freedom of religion. This was called Natural Rights. Black people hated being property and they wanted to own property, not be it. Phyllis Wheatley and Benjamin Banneker are examples of how the Enlightenment influenced black Americans and how it influenced Northerners to stop slavery. The Enlightenment and the idea of Natural Rights gave black Americans a way to fight back in a social way through reasoning.
I believed that the Age of Enlightenment is the reason why we have the intellectual African Americans of today. Like the Enlightenment of the 17th century it encourages people to climb up from the absent mindedness of the dark ages. The difference with this Enlightenment that started in the Revolutionary War is that it helps slaves replenish themselves with religion, communication and togetherness. What also came out of the Enlightenment were the renegade slaves who would become leaders of antislavery organizations that would help stop slavery and influence the North to come with them. People like Benjamin Banneker had the guts to be honest about the Declaration of Independence and explain the errors in it saying all men are created equal. It helped people like Phyllis Wheatley who said the individual had a god given right to freedom.
The Fever of 1793 showed that the black community had taken a rising step by caring for the weak and sick. They had a higher purpose and that’s what the whole event represented. They wanted to help the society in the way of God. They were no longer helping people so that they could buy property. They thought if they could help them they could achieve freedom, but that was so wrong. It really didn’t help them in the end and that shows that their place in the community was still at the bottom.
(I did do this blog. I'm just realizing that my comment did not post when I wrote it, sorry about that!)
The Age of Enlightenment was a cultural movement beginning in the late 17th and 18th-century in Europe. Intellectuals began to emphasize reason and individualism over tradition.
The Natural Rights doctrine (rule) impacted the way "free" Blacks argue for the freedom of the enslaved because it gave them almost a guideline to follow. It gives them the courage and inspiration needed to speak out and fight for what they believe in. If it were not for this they might not of fought in the same way they did.
The events of the Fever of 1793 suggests the status of Philadelphia's free Black community was not completely trusted by the whites. Like Gianna DeSimone said black nurses were accused of stealing and some blamed blacks in general for the fever even existing in the first place.
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